BENJAMIN SOLOMON CARSON, SR. (1951– ) is director of pediatric neurosurgery as well as associate professor of neurosurgery, oncology, plastic surgery, and pediatrics at Johns Hopkins University. He performed the first successful separation of Siamese twins joined at the back of the head. He codeveloped a pediatric craniofacial surgery program, combining both neurosurgery and plastic surgery procedures, significantly decreasing the time in surgery and risk to the patient. A graduate of Yale University and the University of Michigan Medical School, Dr. Carson has been awarded numerous honors, including eighteen honorary doctorates, and several scholarship programs have been established in his name.